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According to the "China's Carbon Neutrality Research Report before 2060" released by the Global Energy Internet Development Cooperation Organization in March 2021, the installed capacity of wind power and photovoltaic power generation in China will reach 1.5 billion kilowatts and 1.1 billion kilowatts respectively in 2035, and the number of new energy vehicles will reach 160 million. At that time, the retired installed capacity of "wind" will reach 110 million kilowatts/year and 0.7 million kilowatts/year, and the scale of retired power batteries will reach 2.7 million/year, and the corresponding amount of retired photovoltaic modules, wind power blades and power batteries can reach 1.05 million tons, 1 million tons and 3 million tons respectively.

"Under the goal of peaking carbon neutrality, China's new installed capacity of renewable energy is growing rapidly, and it is imperative to do a good job in the comprehensive utilization of new solid waste such as waste photovoltaic modules and wind power blades." In the view of Song Dengyuan, deputy general manager and chief technology officer of Yingli Energy (China) Co., LTD. (hereinafter referred to as "Yingli China"), the "Plan" not only determines the main goals and key tasks of standardized utilization of renewable resources at the top-level design level, but also points out the direction for the market and enterprises. It also fills the policy gaps in the emerging solid waste comprehensive utilization fields such as waste photovoltaic modules and wind power blades.

There was no clear guiding policy in the field of wind power blade recycling before, and the "plan" not only covers wind power blade recycling, but also includes waste photovoltaic modules and power batteries, which is the first time in a comprehensive national document. "From another perspective, this fully reflects the urgency of the comprehensive utilization of solid waste in the new energy industry."

According to the research data released by East Asia Qianhai Securities at the end of 2021, based on the 5-year life of the power battery, the scale of China's scrapped power battery will reach 2.37 million tons in 2030, but the overall scale of domestic battery recycling enterprises is small, and there is an imbalance between supply and demand. According to industry sources, it is expected that from 2025 to 2030, photovoltaic modules and wind power blades will also usher in the first round of scrapping climax, especially in the case of technological transformation of old wind power projects, and the replacement demand of the first batch of photovoltaic power generation projects, the scrapping tide may come ahead of time.

For the reuse of used power batteries, under the background of a broad market and a good prospect, the "plan" will drive more enterprises to pour into the standardized utilization of renewable resources represented by power battery recycling and promote industrial upgrading.

According to industry estimates, in 2020, the comprehensive utilization of bulk industrial solid waste in China will reach 2 billion tons, of which the recycling of renewable resources will reach about 380 million tons, and the comprehensive utilization of renewable resources has become an important force to ensure the security of China's resource supply. However, the comprehensive utilization industry of industrial resources, including the solid waste of the new energy industry, is still facing practical problems such as insufficient large-scale utilization capacity, lack of effective utilization ways and mature technical routes, and difficult comprehensive utilization.

"At present, the recycling of waste photovoltaic modules mainly includes physical methods, chemical methods and pyrolysis methods and other technical routes, and has all been included in the national key research and development plan topics, Yingli China joint universities and other units to undertake relevant research topics, the first physical method of crystalline silicon photovoltaic module recycling production demonstration line has been put into use in January this year, but the total scale is only 10,000 kilowatts, Compared with the new installed capacity of 53 million kilowatts of PV last year, the volume is still very limited." The above topics are aimed at overcoming core technologies and equipment, and in order to truly realize commercialization and industrial operation, non-technical factors such as economic costs need to be grasped to promote large-scale development.

The recycling technology of wind power blades, such as physical breaking, chemical decomposition and other treatment methods, is also being explored, but the existing blade recycling technology and capacity are not enough to absorb the future scrap demand, and the economy is also poor, affecting the scale promotion and application of related technologies. "The introduction of the plan has undoubtedly boosted business confidence and will bring a turning point for industrial development."

As the waste power battery recycling industry is currently in its infancy, the recycling system is not mature enough. "The plan requires the improvement of the management system and the strengthening of the whole life cycle traceability management of new energy vehicle power batteries, which will facilitate the regulatory authorities to follow up the whole life cycle process of scrapped batteries and avoid irregular recycling enterprises entering the market."

It is worth mentioning that the "plan" proposes to build 50 new industrial resource comprehensive utilization bases to explore the formation of an industrial development path based on regional and solid waste characteristics, which will help the industry to play cluster advantages and promote the incubation of technical routes and the secondary utilization of solid waste.

In response to the proposal to strengthen inter-industry cooperation and promote cross-industry collaborative utilization of solid waste resources, the requirement has injected new vitality into the solid waste recycling of the new energy industry. "For example, the current mainstream wind turbine blade recycling technology is to break the blades into building materials or directly landfill, and in the case of cross-industry collaborative use of solid waste resources, the future wind turbine blade recycling and building materials and other areas of the joint will be further deepened."

"Used photovoltaic modules can be 100% recycled and reused." Photovoltaic modules after dismantling, metal aluminum frame, copper, silver, glass and other recycling can be used as raw materials again in the photovoltaic industry, and silicon materials reinvested in photovoltaic manufacturing is difficult, need to be combined with other industries to achieve reuse. "Silicon is recycled and reused in the production of photovoltaic cells, which needs to be purified, and the cost is high, and if it is used for silicon alloy manufacturing, the requirements are relatively low and the economy is better." It is also difficult to make polymer materials such as photovoltaic module backplane and photovoltaic cell encapsulation film EVA into photovoltaic materials, but it can be used in other industrial fields."

At the same time, the upgrading and iteration of new energy product manufacturing technology is bringing new opportunities for the joint development of the upstream and downstream industries. It is understood that at present, domestic enterprises have mastered the physical recovery technology of waste power batteries, but in the context of accelerating the update of lithium battery technology, the recycling object is also changing. The transformation of lithium iron phosphate, lithium ternary lithium to lithium ferromanganese phosphate, and sodium ion batteries requires the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain to "ventilate" each other, anticipate the trend of the recycling market in advance, and open up the industrial cycle.

New photovoltaic technology upgrades also face the same challenge. "For example, ITO films of heterojunction silicon cells contain a very rare element of indium, and thin film batteries also use a different semiconductor material than traditional silicon. It is expected that the market share of new photovoltaic modules will continue to increase in the future, and related recycling technologies will also need to be upgraded to respond to changes in market demand."